# Curtea Internațională de Justiție (CIJ)



# Despre ICJ

<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Curtea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Internațională<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de Justiție (CIJ)</span>

<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a). Istoricul Curții Internaționale de Justiție </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>,,După cel de-al doilea război mondial, inițiatorii<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ONU au avut în vedere să dezvolte rolul<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>organului<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jurisdicțional ce urma<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a fi creat, și să-l integreze<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mai strâns în sistemul organizației”(</span>[<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/g42diobv/curtea-internationala-de-justitie-carta?dp=haztkobugi4a</span>](https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/g42diobv/curtea-internationala-de-justitie-carta?dp=haztkobugi4a)<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S-a hotărât astfel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>înființarea în anul 1945 de către Carta ONU, a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Curții Internaționale de Justiție, a cărei activitate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a început în 1946, ca succesoare<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a Curții Permanente Internaționale de Justiție, înființată<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>în <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1920, în baza articolului 14<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>al Pactului Ligii<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Națiunilor, ca urmare a transpunerii în viață a ideii<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>unei jurisdicții internaționale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>permanentă, ce datează<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de la Conferința de la Haga din 1907. Proiectul inspirat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>din propunerile de la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Haga din<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1907, prevedea o jurisdicție<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>obligatorie a Curții, însă opoziția statelor<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a dus la formula de compromis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a clauzei opționale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>privind jurisdicția. Statutul a intrat în vigoare în 1921, iar Curtea a început să funcționeze<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>în 1922. (Sursă: </span>[<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.scribd.com/document/442929596/Curtea-Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83-de-Justi%C8%9Biee-docx</span>](https://www.scribd.com/document/442929596/Curtea-Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83-de-Justi%C8%9Biee-docx)<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">) </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b). Date generale</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Curtea Internațională de Justiție<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>este cunoscută<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și sub denumirea de<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Curtea Mondială, sau CIJ, și reprezintă principalul organ judiciar al<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Organizației Națiunilor Unite,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>potrivit<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>art. 92<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>din Carta ONU. Ea <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>își are sediul în<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Palatul Păcii de la Haga, Țările<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de Jos,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>iar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>principalele sale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>funcții<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>legale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sunt soluționarea, conform dreptului internațional, litigiilor <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>juridice<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>prezentate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de către statele membre ale ONU, pe de o parte, și de a da avizele consultative,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cu privire la chestiuni juridice, care îi sunt prezentate de către organismele și agențiile specializate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ale Organizației<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Națiunilor Unite, autorizate în acest sens,pe de cealaltă parte. ( sursă: </span>[<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://e-justice.europa.eu/150/RO/international\_case\_law</span>](https://e-justice.europa.eu/150/RO/international_case_law)<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">) </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>c). Statutul<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Curții Internaționale de<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Justiție </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Documentul de bază al Curții Internaționale de Justiție, este Statutul Curții<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Internaționale de Justiție, document ce constituie documentul constituant<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și de reglementare a Curții.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>,,Curtea <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Internațională de Justiție <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>este una dintre instituțiile<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de judecată internaționale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cu caracter permanent, deschisă tuturor statelor<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și având<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>un rol important în soluționarea diferendelor internaționale și acordarea de avize calificate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>din punct de vedere juridic, la cererea unor organe ale ONU sau a instituțiilor specializate ale organizației.” (</span>[<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/g42diobv/curtea-internationala-de-justitie-carta?dp=haztkobugi4a</span>](https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/g42diobv/curtea-internationala-de-justitie-carta?dp=haztkobugi4a)<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">) </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.</span>

**<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: RO; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  
</span></span>**

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">d). Organizarea Curții Internaționale de Justiție</span>

<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CIJ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>este alcătuită din <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>15<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>judecători<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>permanenți, aleși, indiferent de cetățenie,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pentru nouă ani<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de către Adunarea Generală a ONU<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și Consiliul de Securitate al ONU,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de pe lista de persoane nominalizate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de către grupuri naționale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>în Curtea Permanentă de Arbitraj. Acești judecători <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pot fi realeși pentru cel mult două mandate. Nu pot fi doi judecători din aceeași țară.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Articolul 2 din Statut prevede că<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>toți judecătorii ar trebui să fie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>aleși, indiferent de naționalitatea acestora<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>din rândul ,,persoanelor de o înaltă considerație morală”, care sunt fie calificate pentru<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cele mai înalte funcții jurisdicționale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>în statele lor de origine <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sau bine<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cunoscute ca avocați cu suficientă competență în dreptul internațional.(</span> Sursa: <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea\_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83\_de\_Justi%C8%9Bie](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_Justi%C8%9Bie) )</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Începând din<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>aprilie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2012, componența Curții este următoarea:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>

<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" id="bkmrk-nume-%C8%9Aara-pozi%C8%9Bia-al" style="width: 412.5pt; background: #F9F9F9; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;" width="550"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; background: #EAECF0; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">**<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Nume</span>**

</td><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; background: #EAECF0; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">**<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Țara</span>**

</td><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; background: #EAECF0; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">**<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Poziția</span>**

</td><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; background: #EAECF0; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">**<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Ales</span>**

</td><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; background: #EAECF0; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">**<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Sfârșitul mandatului</span>**

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Peter Tomka</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Slovacia](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image001.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg ""Slovacia" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Slovacia</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovacia "Slovacia")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Președinte</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2003</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2021</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Bernardo Sepúlveda Amor</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Mexic](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image002.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Mexico.svg ""Mexic" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Mexic</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexic "Mexic")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Vice-Președinte</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2006</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2015</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Hisashi Owada</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Japonia](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image003.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Japan.svg ""Japonia" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Japonia</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia "Japonia")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">1994, 2003</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2021</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Ronny Abraham</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Franţa](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image004.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_France_(1794%E2%80%931815,_1830%E2%80%931974).svg ""Franţa" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Franța</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba "Franța")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">1994, 2003</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2018</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Sir Kenneth Keith</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Noua Zeelandă](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image005.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg ""Noua Zeelandă" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Noua Zeelandă</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noua_Zeeland%C4%83 "Noua Zeelandă")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2000, 2009</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2015</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Mohamed Bennouna</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Maroc](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image006.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Morocco.svg ""Maroc" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Maroc</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroc "Maroc")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2000, 2006</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2015</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Leonid Skotnikov</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Rusia](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image007.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Russia.svg ""Rusia" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Rusia</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia "Rusia")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2003</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2015</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; height: .85pt;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; height: .85pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; height: .85pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Brazilia](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image008.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Brazil.svg ""Brazilia" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Brazilia</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilia "Brazilia")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; height: .85pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; height: .85pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2005, 2009</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; height: .85pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2018</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Somalia](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image009.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Somalia.svg ""Somalia" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Somalia</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia "Somalia")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2006</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2018</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Sir Christopher Greenwood</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Regatul Unit](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image010.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg ""Regatul Unit" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Regatul Unit</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regatul_Unit "Regatul Unit")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2006</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2018</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Xue Hanqin</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![uChina](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image011.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg ""uChina" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">China</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83 "Republica Populară Chineză")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2006</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2021</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Joan E. Donoghue</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Statele Unite ale Americii](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image012.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg ""Statele Unite ale Americii" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Statele Unite ale Americii</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii "Statele Unite ale Americii")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2006</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2015</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Giorgio Gaja</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Italia](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image013.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Italy.svg ""Italia" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Italia</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia "Italia")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2009</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2021</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Julia Sebutinde</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![Uganda](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image014.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda ""Uganda" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">Uganda</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2009</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2021</span>

</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Dalveer Bhandari</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;">[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc; mso-fareast-language: RO; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">![India](file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cmarian%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image015.gif)</span></span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_India.svg ""India" ")<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;"> </span>[<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #3366cc;">India</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India")

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">Membru</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2009</span>

</td><td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: #202122;">2018</span>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sursă<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>foto: ( https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea\_Internațională\_de\_Justiție) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea\_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83\_de\_Justi%C8%9Bie](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_Justi%C8%9Bie) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Așa cum se menționează în articolul 93 din<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carta ONU, toți cei 193 de membrii ONU sunt parte a Curții de Justiție. Tot în temeiul articolului 93, alineatul 2, statele care nu sunt membre ONU, pot deveni parte a Curții de Justiție.</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Curtea își numește președintele pentru un mandat de trei ani, de asemenea grefierul<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și ceilalți funcționari. Rolul președintelui este esențial, mai ales atunci când se ajunge la balotaj, deoarece în această situație, votul său este preponderent. În afara judecătorilor permanenți, în cadrul Curții<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pot funcționa, în anumite circumstanțe,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și judecători<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ad-hoc. Judecătorul ad-hoc este un judecător desemnat de către una dintre părți, iar misiunea sa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>încetează odată ce cauza pentru care a fost desemnat a ieșit de pe rol.(Sursa:[https://www.scribd.com/document/156514918/Curtea-Internationala-de-Justitie](https://www.scribd.com/document/156514918/Curtea-Internationala-de-Justitie)) </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.</span>

<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">e). Funcțiile Curții Internaționale de Justiție</span>

<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Curtea posedă două funcții:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>funcția contencioasă și cea <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>consultativă.</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a). Funcția contencioasă</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conform articolului<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>36, alineat 2, din Statut, obiectul unui litigiu poate fi:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1.) –interpretarea unui tratat;</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2).- orice chestiune de drept internațional;</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3).- existența<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>oricărui fapt care,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dacă ar fi stabilit, ar constitui o<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>violare a unei obligații internaționale;</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>4).- natura sau întinderea reparațiilor datorate pentru încălcarea unui angajament<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>internațional;</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>În cazul procedurii<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>contencioase, Curtea Internațională de Justiție pronunță hotărâri cu caracter obligatoriu între statele care acceptă să se supună statutului Curții. Numai statele<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pot fi parte în cazuri controversate. Principiul cheie este că<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CIJ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>este competentă numai în baza consimțământului statelor, și anume<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pot fi supuse Curții doar litigiile pe care statele i le supun.</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b). Funcția consultativă</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reglementată de articolul 96 din Carta ONU, Curtea Internațională de Justiție are și competența de a emite, la cererea unor organe determinate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ale ONU, opinii asupra unor probleme juridice. Actul numit aviz consultativ nu posedă forță juridică obligatorie.( [https://www.scribd.com/document/156514918/Curtea-Internationala-de-Justitie](https://www.scribd.com/document/156514918/Curtea-Internationala-de-Justitie)) </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Bibliografie: </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1. Valentin Constantin, *Drept Internațional,* București, Editura ,,Universul Juridic”, 2010.</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1. </span>[<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.scribd.com/document/156514918/Curtea-Internationala-de-Justitiealentin</span>](https://www.scribd.com/document/156514918/Curtea-Internationala-de-Justitiealentin)<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>3.</span>[<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea\_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83\_de\_Justi%C8%9Bie</span>](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_Justi%C8%9Bie)

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4. (</span>[<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/g42diobv/curtea-internationala-de-justitie-carta?dp=haztkobugi4a</span>](https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/g42diobv/curtea-internationala-de-justitie-carta?dp=haztkobugi4a)<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">)</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>5. </span>[<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://e-justice.europa.eu/150/RO/international\_case\_law</span>](https://e-justice.europa.eu/150/RO/international_case_law)<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">) </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6. </span>[<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.icj-cij.org</span>](http://www.icj-cij.org)<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>

**<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: RO; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  
</span></span>**

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>

# Studiu de caz: Canalul Corfu

<span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Studiul de caz </span>

<span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cazul privind<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>strâmtoarea Corfu</span>

<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">În<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1946, în<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>timpul războiului civil din Grecia, au<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>avut loc<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>trei întâlniri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>în strâmtoarea Corfu,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>între Albania și Marea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Britanie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>În data de<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>15<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mai<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1946, două iahturi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>britanice, Orion și Superb, au trecut prin partea de nord <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a Canalului <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corfu. Pentru că strâmtoarea Corfu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>se află<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>în apele teritoriale ale Albaniei, bateriile<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de tunuri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>grănicerilor<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>albanezi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>au<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>deschis focul împotriva celor două<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>vase, aflate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>la aproximativ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>200 metri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de escadrilă.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Marea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Britanie a cerut Albaniei<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>să-și<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ceară<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>scuze pentru incident.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sub<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>motivația că<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>această<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>strâmtoare se află în ape teritoriale albaneze,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>iar trecerea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>se poate face <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>doar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cu acordul Albaniei, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Albania a refuzat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cererea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Marii Britanii. Ca răspuns, Marea Britanie a somat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Albania că în <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>următoarea ocazie va deschide ea focul. Pe<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>22 octombrie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1946, Marina Regală<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Britanică,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>compusă din iahturi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mauritus și Leander, și<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>distrugătoarele <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saumarez și Volage,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>au<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>intrat în strâmtoarea Corfu. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Navele erau pregătite de ripostă, în caz că<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Albania avea să<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nu au<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mai fost deschise<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>focuri din partea Albaniei, însă<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nava britanică<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sauvarez<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a lovit o mină, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>la 02:53, suferind pagube uriașe<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pierderea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a treizeci și șase de persoane de la bordul său. La<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>două ore mai târziu, la 16:16, nava<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>britanică<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Volage a lovit și ea o mină, și pe lângă pagube <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>materiale <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a pierdut opt persoane de la bord.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Minele proveneau<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>din timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chiar dacă au fost operațiuni de deminare a strâmtorii în 1944, de verificare<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>în 1945, se pare că încă au mai rămas mine în apele strâmtorii Corfu. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>La 12-13<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>noiembrie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1946<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Royal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Navy ,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>marina militară britanică, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a desfășurat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>activitate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de deminare<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a strâmtorii Corfu, fără a cere acordul Albaniei. Au mai fost descoperite 22 de mine. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Guvernul albanez, motivat de<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>activitățile ce se desfășoară în apele teritoriale ale Albaniei, fără permisiunea Albaniei,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a făcut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>reclamație<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>oficială <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>la Organizația Națiunilor Unite, reclamând violarea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>teritorială prin acțiunile din apele teritoriale albaneze. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>La 9<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>decembrie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1946 , Marea Britanie <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a cerut despăgubiri de la Albania. Albania a refuzat cererea Marii Britanii,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și a motivat <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>că minele au fost puse de Grecia. Britanicii<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>s-au plâns Consiliului de Securitate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>al ONU. Acesta a decis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>anchetarea situației<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de către o comisie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>formată din<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>australieni, polonezi și columbieni. După<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>zece întâlniri nu au emis nici o concluzie. Rezoluția a fost blocată de către Uniunea Sovietică, sprijinită<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și de Polonia. A urmat a doua rezoluție, la 9 aprilie 1947, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a Consiliului de Securitate în problema celor două state<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>implicate în incidentul din strâmtoarea <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corfu,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>care a recomandat ca acest caz să fie tratat de Curtea Internațională de Justiție. Părțile implicate au cerut Curții<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>să stabilească<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>următoarele<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>aspecte:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1). Dacă Albania este responsabilă pentru producerea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>catastrofei din strâmtoare,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și dacă trebuie să <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>despăgubească<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pe britanici;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2). Dacă operațiunile de deminare <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>susținute de Marea Britanie, reprezintă o încălcare a suveranității<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Albaniei.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Marea Britanie a continuat să susțină că<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>albanezii au pus minele, și autoritățile<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>albaneze știau. </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Albania, pe de cealaltă parte<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a susținut că nu ea a pus minele, și că nu avea știre că după deminări<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ar mai fi mine în apele teritoriale ale strâmtorii <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corfu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Privitor la activitatea de deminare desfășurată de către marina<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>britanică în apele teritoriale ale Albaniei,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>considerată de Albania ca fiind o încălcare a suveranității sale, Marea Britanie a susținut că nu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a oferit nici o dovadă că ar fi avut intenție de<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a intimida<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sau sfida autoritatea Albaniei, ci, potrivit<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>regulilor stabilite de dreptul internațional, avea dreptul să treacă<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>prin strâmtoarea Corfu. </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Privitor la acțiunile de deminare<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>făcute de britanici în apele teritoriale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ale Albaniei,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Marea Britanie a invocat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>autoapărarea,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>și de aceea nu reprezintă o încălcare a suveranității<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Albaniei.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Decizia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a rămas în seama Curții Internaționale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de Justiție. Competența <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Curții Internaționale de Justiție, în această problemă<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a fost dată de articolul 36, alineatul 1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>din Statutul Curții Internaționale de Justiție. După<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>o serie de intervenții<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atât din partea britanicilor, cât și<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>din partea albanezilor, în<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>25 martie 1948, prin prima<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hotărâre, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Curtea <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>analizat competența sa asupra cererii rezolvării acestei probleme. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>O a doua hotărâre<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a fost pronunțată în 9 aprilie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1949, legată de <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fondul<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>litigiului, a considerat că Albania se face vinovată pentru exploziile din strâmtoarea, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corfu, în care s-au produs pagubele imense<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>asupra vaselor <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>britanicilor. Albania a răspuns cu plângeri,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pe care Curtea le-a respins. O a treia hotărâre a Curții, din 15<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>decembrie 1949, a emis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>o hotărâre în care se specifica faptul că după evaluarea situației și a daunelor, Albania era obligată să despăgubească Marea Britanie cu o sumă de 843,947 lire, despăgubire pe care Marea Britanie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a primit-o<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>până în 1996, când<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cele două țări au convenit ca Albania să despăgubească <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>în aur. </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">( Sursa: [https://www.scribd.com/document/263064160/Corfu-Uu](https://www.scribd.com/document/263064160/Corfu-Uu) ;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[https://vdocs.ro/doc/cij-cazurile-drept-international-4626yzqjyl](https://vdocs.ro/doc/cij-cazurile-drept-international-4626yzqjyl) ; </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[https://ibn.idsi.md/sites/default/files/imag\_file/74\_77\_Principiul%20neamestecului%20in%20treburile%20interne%20ale%20altor%20state\_de%20la%20cadrul%20legislative%20la%20practica%20internationala.pdf](https://ibn.idsi.md/sites/default/files/imag_file/74_77_Principiul%20neamestecului%20in%20treburile%20interne%20ale%20altor%20state_de%20la%20cadrul%20legislative%20la%20practica%20internationala.pdf) ;</span>

<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[https://jurisdictie.wordpress.com/2013/12/02/utilizarea-fortei-in-operatiile-de-sprijin-al-pacii/](https://jurisdictie.wordpress.com/2013/12/02/utilizarea-fortei-in-operatiile-de-sprijin-al-pacii/) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea\_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83\_de\_Justi%C8%9Bie](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_Justi%C8%9Bie) )</span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Materialul<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>este<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>întocmit pe<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>documentarea exclusivă<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>din sursele menționate.</span>

# Studiu de caz